Group leaders may also offer solidary incentives, which provide the benefit of joining with others who have the same concerns or are similar in other ways. Jie, Shan. An extensively-sourced and medium-length exploration of the World Uyghur Congress, a focal organization from which many of the other organizations advocating East Turkistan independence branches off, and its shady connections with U.S. regime changers and Turkish far-right actors. While Western media often paints Xinjiang as a black box, Xinjiang has in fact never been closed or restricted to outside visitors until the outbreak of COVID-19 in January 2020 (unlike Tibet Autonomous Region, which requires most foreigners to acquire special permits to visit). July 18, 2019. “Our story - the Tatar nationality.” YouTube video, 2:49. Dans ces 50 %, 20 % doivent être issus de l’agriculture biologique et 30 % de produits sous signe officiel de qualité, de labels, fermiers, pêche durable ou Haute valeur environnementale. [some of the interviewees speak in Uyghur], “Why are western media silent on China’s documentaries on Xinjiang?” CGTN. Prior to assuming the post of the United States’ foremost diplomat, Pompeo had a long and distinguished history of being a relentless Islamophobe. While the U.S. has long recognized that its naval supremacy in the South China Sea could effectively “strangle” China’s economy in the event of hot war, Xinjiang in particular and the Belt and Road Initiative in general provide an overland route for Chinese trade which undermines U.S. military supremacy. Group leaders also play an important role in overcoming collective action problems. CGTN. May 7, 2020. Xinjiang’s Diverse People, Cultures, and Experiences. CGTN. Of these six, four arrived in the West on or after 1989 (Abbas 1989; Isa 1994; Turkel 1995; Kadeer 2005, as the cause célèbre of Turkel). At the same time, the article paints these same actors as repressed freedom fighters in China’s domestic context—clear instances of double standards that speak to U.S. geopolitical interests in the region. In particular, these sources highlight the historic uses of “atrocity propaganda,” through which the U.S. has galvanized public opinion for war and intervention through misrepresentations and outright lies vis-a-vis ‘humanitarian concerns.’ In particular, the wars in Iraq and intervention in Syria provide a historical warning for how mainstream media and research institutes amplify State Department ambitions. (Guangming) [Ningxia], “Fascinating China EP07: Kyrgyz, An Ethnic Group Closely Related to Falcons.” YouTube video, 3:00. The XPCC as a sort of “government within a government” plays an important if little understood role in Xinjiang. One of the people who played an important rule in its founding is Rushan Abbas, who would serve as Vice President for the UAA for two terms while also reporting for Radio Free Asia. (Later Anadolu Agency report from 2014). Jack Walker, “The Origin and Maintenance of Interest Groups in America,” American Political Science Review 77 (1983): 390–406. October 16, 2018. One such “camp” is in actuality an apartment complex with a five-star rating. “Our story - the Russian nationality.” YouTube video, 2:22. If not, find out what you could do to start such a group. CW: Animal harm. The waning of the severity of extremist violence in Xinjiang by 2017 coincided with elevated antagonisms in the U.S.-China relationship. Particular attention should be placed on the general rule articulated in Article 15, pre and post-2017: [Chinese language]. ➤ 2018 May 15 – Zenz starts to fix his eyes on Xinjiang’s de-radicalization program and criticizes education as de-radicalization work authorized by Article 14 of the Xinjiang De-radicalization Regulations. Dans tous les cas, les différents acteurs s’accordent pour dire qu’il faut y « consacrer du temps ». September 3, 2020. (Guangming), “Fascinating China EP40: Dombra Art of Kazakh Ethnic Group.” YouTube video, 2:22. To practice law, individuals may be required to join the American Bar Association or a state bar association. Directed by Wang Lina. (original Chinese editorial, English summary) 645,000 were lifted out of poverty in 2019 alone. People tend not to act when the perceived benefit is insufficient to justify the costs associated with engaging in the action. Why do some students elect to do little on a group project? Robert Salisbury, “An Exchange Theory of Interest Groups,” Midwest Journal of Political Science 13 (1969): 1–32; Peter B. Clark and James Q. Wilson, “Incentive Systems: A Theory of Organizations,” Administration Science Quarterly 6 (1961): 129–166. September 26, 2019. September 29, 2020. (press release, 2018-8-13). [the interviewee Karim Turdi speaks in Uyghur]. The answer is that they likely prefer to do something else and realize they can receive the same grade as the rest of the group without contributing to the effort. This series was made in celebration of 70 years of the People’s Republic of China and focuses on the intangible cultural heritages of China’s 56 nationalities. Why do some do all the work, while others do little or none? He states that in his group of media visitors were journalists from “Afghanistan, Egypt, Belgium, Bangladesh, Belarus, Jordan, Japan, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Iran, India, Malaysia, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Russia, UAE, USA, Switzerland, and a Geneva Delegation.”. Kadeer was sentenced to 8 years in prison for providing state information to foreign entities in 2000. In the interceding time, claims of concentration camps, cultural genocide, demographic genocide, slavery, and mass sterilization have saturated media and political discourse. (see this Zhihu answer for one person’s experience staying 37 days in a Detention House, and this post about the work of a police personnel tasked to a Detention House) [Chinese language]. “Chinese government goes to great lengths to help Muslims go on the hajj.” Global Times. Why are western media silent on China’s documentaries on Xinjiang? “Fascinating China” Series. State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China. http://www.news-leader.com/story/new...tion/75473312/ (March 1, 2016). ➤ 2015 January 1 – Shohrat Zakir, a CPC cadre of Uygur nationality, assumes his current position of Chairman of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. ➤ 2020 August 27 – Buzzfeed, backed by ASPI and Open Technology Fund (part of the U.S. Agency for Global Media, which runs Radio Free Asia, and a key supporter of 2019 Hong Kong riots) among others, pushes a two-part report relying satellite imagery, blanked-out images on Baidu Maps which are otherwise common occurrences, and witness testimony to further the Western narrative on Xinjiang. 阿依图娜. ➤ 2019 August 17-23 – A media group from 16 countries including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Qatar, Russia, Turkey, and United Arab Emirates visit Xinjiang. 阿依图娜. Si l’intégration des produits locaux dans la restauration collective est une belle opportunité pour les producteurs, il convient en amont de bien se préparer. “Fascinating China EP01: The Mongolian Ethnic Group and Its Gesar Epic Tradition.” YouTube video, 3:13. Outre leur…, Mardi 20 octobre, l’antenne du Bessin de la Chambre d’agriculture a organisé un débat sur la PAC, ouvert aux agriculteurs et aux…. Finally, sometimes collective action problems are overcome because there is little choice about whether to join an organization. On November 12, 2017, Dolkun Isa takes Rebiya Kadeer’s place as President of the World Uyghur Congress. Interest groups often have to contend with disincentives to participate, particularly when individuals realize their participation is not critical to a group’s success. ➤ 2016 December 23 – Adrian Zenz begins his career pivot to Xinjiang after a brief focus on Tibetan language and culture (and born-again Christian writings) with a Foreign Affairs article about Xinjiang’s police and surveillance apparatus. Tencent Pictures, 2020. Collective action problems and free riding occur in many other situations as well. “Different media report differently on controversial Xinjiang re-education camps in China. Zenz relies on scaremongering about China’s poverty alleviation programs and pair assistance programs (whereby a richer province gives monetary and other material aid to poorer provinces, manifesting in factories or educational support) to draw foregone conclusions of forced labor. If union membership is optional and all workers will receive a salary increase regardless of whether they make the time and money commitment to join, some workers may free ride. July 16, 2019. December 11, 2019. In response, the United States begins to wage the “War on Terror” and engaged itself in combat in at least 24 countries. July 21, 2010. Although dated, many of the policies described in this paper are still in effect today. [some of the interviewees speak in Uyghur]. Il participe à la production de repas pour les clients, pensionnaires, résidents, patients (selon “Trade and tensions between the U.S. and China.” Monthly Review. November 16, 2019. ➤ 2020 June 18 – CGTN releases another special about terrorism in Xinjiang, Tianshan: Still Standing. The Epic of King Gesar is an epic cycle originating in Tibet but finding wide expression across Central Asia. State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China. [Chinese language, some Kazakh can be heard]. It covers broader Central Asia beyond Xinjiang, but also summarizes Xinjiang history up to the Qing Dynasty’s defeat of the Khoja Uprising in 1759. An interesting dated report on the then situation in Xinjiang, written by a former Vice-chair of the National Intelligence Council and CIA Station Chief in Kabul. Similarly, the common Western spelling of “Kazakh” and “Kyrgyz” differs from the Chinese government’s official romanizations of “Kazak” and “Kirgiz.” We will similarly use the common Western spelling. New China TV. “帕米尔高原上牦牛叼羊比赛 / Buzkashi with Yaks on the Chinese Pamir.” YouTube video, 2:57. One reason is that free riding can be overcome in a variety of ways. La restauration collective est un mammouth qui a du mal à démarrer ». INDEPENDENT, STANDALONE BUSINESS. “Fighting terrorism in Xinjiang.” YouTube video, 50:01. ➤ 2019 November – Sometime in November, Former Deputy Speaker of the Indonesian House of Representatives Fahri Hamzah led a delegation to visit Xinjiang. C’est compliqué, la restauration collective ne doit pas être le seul débouché pour les producteurs », nuance Stéphanie Raux-Brout. A white paper concerning the broader strategy against terrorism undertaken in Xinjiang. Guangming Online. June 7, 2019. An older open letter expressing concern over Human Rights Watch’s “revolving door” with the United States government, causing it to overlook the U.S.’s own abysmal human rights record and subjecting the organization to partisan politics. While we recognize that there are aspects of PRC policy in Xinjiang to critique, these critiques should be debated and resolved on Chinese terms and in Chinese dialogues, and not be used as crude ammunition in the U.S.-led geopolitical assault on China. “Twitter spreads paid US gov't propaganda while falsely claiming it bans state media ads.” The Grayzone. ➤ 2018 August 3 – Chinese Human Rights Defenders publishes a report “China: Massive Numbers of Uyghurs & Other Ethnic Minorities Forced into Re-education Programs.” This is the report taking eight anonymous interviewees and extrapolating 1 million incarcerated (or even up to 3 million) from their unverified statements. In his classic work, The Logic of Collective Action, economist Mancur Olson discussed the conditions under which collective actions problems would exist, and he noted that they were prevalent among organized interests. “Lies and truth: Vocational education and training in Xinjiang.” YouTube video, 35:08. ➤ 2015 – A “Turkish passport plot” (see Global Times report) is exposed in which Turkey provided false passports to Chinese nationals in third countries (usually Thailand & Malaysia) for passage to Turkey. ➤ 2020 September 2 – After about a month and a half, the COVID-19 cluster in Xinjiang is contained and Urumqi’s lockdown is lifted. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, college campuses were very active in opposition to the Vietnam War. Azam, Azhar. For one thing, opinions within smaller groups may be more similar, making it easier to reach consensus. These resources are preceded by a timeline that focuses on the events preceding China’s Xinjiang de-radicalization program, the international responses it provoked, and other relevant contexts. “China's Xinjiang generates 260 bln kWh clean electricity.” Xinhua. Aydınlık Daily and Vatan Partisi have since rebuked the United States’ position in the controversy (Aydınlık 2020-2-21, Vatan Partisi’s statement reported in Aydınlık 2020-9-10 [Turkish language]). Grousset, René. Some are only in Chinese. On the issue of Xinjiang, the clear break in consensus between the Global South and the U.S. bloc suggests that Western critiques of Xinjiang are primarily politically motivated. State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China. David Truman. [the interviewees speak and sing in Uyghur]. Having saturated Western media, these charges are difficult to systematically refute. ➤ 2019 January 6 – Reuters visit Xinjiang. Or, la pleine saison en Normandie est juillet-août. ➤ 2018 May 29 – The United States Department of State, Office of International Religious Freedom releases the 2017 Report on International Religious Freedom. Jenna Johnson, “Immigration continues to be Donald Trump’s rallying issue,” Washington Post, 22 October 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/news/...allying-issue/. The extent of terrorist violence in China during this period is not well known in the West. Yang, Yi. “Female Imams Blaze Trail Among China’s Muslims.” NPR. He asserts it “has nothing to do with fighting terrorism” and more to do with establishing military control over a territory of strategic interest to Chinese trade routes. 2019. Based on a handful of think tank reports and witness testimonies, Western governments have levied false allegations of genocide and slavery in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. His report published on Xinhua is as follows. ➤ 2019 March 18 – China releases the white paper “The Fight Against Terrorism and Extremism and Human Rights Protection in Xinjiang.” A transfer employment program for 100,000 people was mentioned and would presumably be the object of consternation in the ASPI report of March 2020 alleging slavery. ➤ 2020 March 1 – ASPI publishes “Uyghurs for sale,” a report alleging forced labor (and, notably, “slavery”) of Uyghur people around China. January 23, 2017. « Avec la loi Egalim, la restauration collective devra intégrer 50 % de produits de proximité à compter du 1er janvier 2022. If free riding is so prevalent, why are there so many interest groups and why is interest group membership so high in the United States? SEARCH VACANCIES. ➤ 2019 September 9-12 – Diplomats from 16 African countries (including Burundi, Djibouti, Uganda, Lesotho, Sudan and Zimbabwe) and the African Union visit Xinjiang. To date, the Chinese government has not released a figure on the number of people who have undergone vocational education as part of its de-radicalization program. 2009. “017南疆偏僻的一个巴扎，每天的交易量惊人！和田人都是隐形的富豪？” YouTube video, 3:48. “Hundreds of Ferguson Protesters March in Downtown D.C.,” www.nbcwashington.com/news/lo...283807831.html (March 1, 2016). (Guangming) [the interviewee Khurmash Khutman speaks in Kyrgyz], “Fascinating China EP12: Uygur Dawaz, A Challengeable Sport and Traditional Chinese Art.” YouTube video, 3:05. This video provides a more detailed look at the tradition of Manas in China and the scholarly efforts dedicated to researching the Epic of Manas further and preserving it. This article ultimately provides an even-handed and frank look at a snapshot of Xinjiang before the current controversy of 2018. La nouvelle équipe de JA 61 lors de l’assemblée générale, vendredi 25 septembre. La Chambre aimerait se rapprocher des 200 market place qui existent en France. (Based on Tong, Li. Cultural Protection and Development in Xinjiang. Notably, having been released in July 2017, it was released during a time after the De-radicalization Regulations were passed but before the World Uyghur Congress began campaigning on “internment camps.”. October 6, 2016. ➤ 2019 December 5 – CGTN releases two specials about terrorism in Xinjiang, with footage never released to the public before, including footage of the above-mentioned attacks. ➤ 2019 August 19-21 – Diplomats from Laos, Cambodia, the Philippines, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bahrain and Nigeria visit Xinjiang. This video is an interview of a former CIA officer (field case officer) John Stockwell, who speaks about the CIA’s close ties with the news media and journalists, the feeding of “pure raw false propaganda… creating illusions of Communists eating babies for breakfast,” and the particular process through which United States intelligence comes to shape and mold narratives around the world. “The flavor of Eid al-Fitr in Xinjiang.” YouTube video, 8:12. ➤ 2001 September 11 – The 9/11 attacks claim the lives of 2,977 people (excluding the perpetrators). Singh, Ajit. J’ai les commandes un mois avant pour que j’aie le temps de les préparer. C’est dans cette catégorie HVE que nous espérons faire entrer le plus de produits locaux », détaille Stéphanie Raux-Brout, directrice du pôle filière circuits courts et de la Chambre d’agriculture de l’Eure. “The Xinjiang Problem.” Central Asia-Caucasus Institute. McIntyre, Jamie. Total 55 countries on a joint statement delivered by Pakistan supporting China on Hong Kong (text not yet released, see release by the Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the United Nations), “Kuwait made a joint statement on behalf of three Gulf states, opposing politicization of human rights issues and interference in others’ internal affairs with the pretext of human rights.” (text not yet released, see release by the Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic to the United Nations), The Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that “nearly 70 countries backed China at the General Debate of the Third Committee of the UN General Assembly” “on its stance and policies on Hong Kong and Xinjiang-related issues.”.

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